英语单词记忆的词根词缀总结-常见的后缀

英语单词记忆的词根词缀总结-常见的后缀

1.名词后缀

(1)具有某种职业或动作的人

1)-an, -ain,表示"……地方的人，精通……的人”American, historian, 2)-al,表示"具有……职务的人" principal, 3)-ant,-ent,表示"……者” merchant, agent, servant, student, 4)-ar,表示"……的人” scholar, liar, peddler 5)-ard, -art,表示"做……的人”coward, laggard, braggart(夸张者) 6)-arian,表示"……派别的人， ……主义的人”humanitarian, vegetarian 7)-ary,表示"从事……的人" secretary, missionary 8)-ant,表示"具有……职责的人" candidate, graduate 9)-ator,表示"做……的人" educator, speculator(投机者) 10)-crat,表示"某种政体，主义的支持者" democrat, bureaucrat 11)-ee,表示"动作承受者" employee, examinee 12)-eer,表示"从事于……人" engineer, volunteer 13)-er,表示"从事某种职业的人,某地区，地方的人" banker, observer, Londoner, villager 14)-ese,表示" ……国人，…..地方的人”Japanese, Cantonese 15)-ess,表示"阴性人称名词， actress, hostess, manageress 16)-eur,表示"……家” amateur, littérateur 17)-ian,表示"……地方人，信仰…….教的人，从事……职业的人”Christian, physician(内科医生)，musician 18)-ician,表示"精通者， ……家，”electrician, magician, technician 19)-icist,表示"……家， …….者, …….能手”physicist, phoneticist, technicist 20)-ic,表示"……者，……师" mechanic, critic 21)-ie,表示"爱，指小" dearie, auntie, lassie(小姑娘) 22)-ier,表示"从事……职业” cavalier, clothier, brazier(黄铜匠) 23)-ine, ian,表示"阴性人称" heroine, ballerina 24)-ist,表示"从事……研究者，信仰……主义者" pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist 25)-ive,表示"动作者，行为者” native, captive 26)-logist,表示"……学家，研究者" biologist, geologist(地质学家) 27)-or,表示"……者" author, doctor, operator, 28)-ster,表示"做…….事情的人”youngster, gamester(赌徒)，songster 29)-yer,表示"从事……职业者” lawyer

(2).构成，具有抽象名词的含义

1)-acy,表示"性质，状态，境遇" accuracy, diplomacy 2)-age,表示"状态，行为，身份及其结果，总称" courage, storage, marriage 3)-al, a)表示"事物的动作，过程”refusal, arrival, survival, denial, approval b)表示具体的事物manual, signal, editorial, journal 4)-ance, -ence表示"性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度” endurance, importance, diligence, difference, obedience 5)-ancy, -ency,表示"性质，状态，行为，过程" frequency, urgency, efficiency, 6)-bility,表示"动作，性质，状态" possibility, feasibility, 7)-craft,表示"工艺，技巧” woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft(治国策) 8)-cracy,表示"统治，支配" bureaucracy, democracy 9)-cy,表示"性质，状态，职位，级别" bankruptcy(破产)，supremacy 10)-dom,表示"等级，领域，状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom 11)-ery, -ry,表示"行为，状态，习性" bravery, bribery, rivalry 12)-ety,表示"性质，状态” variety, dubiety(怀疑) 13)-faction, -facture,表示"作成，……化，作用" satisfaction, manufacture 14)-hood,表示"资格，身份,年纪，状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood 15)-ice,表示"行为，性质，状态" notice, justice, service 16)-ine,表示"带有抽象概念" medicine, discipline, famine 17)-ing,表示"动作的过程，结果" building, writing, learning 18)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition,表示"行为的过程，结果，状况" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction 19)-ise,表示"性质，状态” exercise, merchandise(商业) 20)-ism,表示"制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism 21)-ity,表示"性质，状态，程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity 22)-ment,表示"行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument 23)-mony,表示"动作的结果，状态" ceremony, testimony 24)-ness,表示"性质，状态，程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness 25)-or, -our,表示"动作，性质，状态" favor, error, 26)-osity,表示"动作，状态” curiosity 27)-ship,表示"情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业” hardship, membership, friendship 28)-th,表示"动作，性质，过程，状态" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth 29)-tude,表示"性质，状态，程度" latitude, altitude(海拔) 30)-ure,表示"行为，结果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)， 31)-y,表示"行为的结果，状态，性质” glory, history, victory, inquiry

(3)带有场所，地方的含义

1)-age,表示"住所，地点" village, cottage 2)-ary,表示"住所，场地" library, granary (谷仓) 3)-ery, ry,表示"工作场所，饲养所，地点" laundry, nursery, surgery(手术室) 4)-ory,表示"工作场所，住处" factory, dormitory, laboratory, observatory

(4)带有学术，科技含义

1)-grapy,表示"……学，写法” biography, calligraphy, geography 2)-ic, ics,表示"……学……法" logic, mechanics, optics, electronics 3)-ology,表示"……学……论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学) 4)-nomy,表示"……学……术" astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学) 5)-ery,表示"学科，技术" chemistry, cookery, machinery 6)-y,表示"……学，术，法” photography, philosophy

(5)表示人和事物的总和，集合含义

1)-age, baggage, tonnage 2)-dom, newspaperdom(新闻界) 3)-hood, neighbourhood, womanhood 4)-ery, cavalry, ministry(内阁) 5)-ure, legislature, judicature

(6)表示物品和物质名称的含义

1)-ant, ent, solvent, constant 2)-al, signal, pictorial(画报) 3)ar, collar, pillar(石柱) 4)- er, boiler, computer, washer, cooker 5)-ery, drapery(绸缎) 6)-ing, clothing, matting, 7)-ment, instrument, equipment, attachment

(7)表示“细小”的含义

1)-cle, particle, 2)-cule, molecule(分子) 3)-el, parcel 4)-en, chicken, maiden 5)-et, pocket, ticket 6)-etta, -ette, etto, cigarette, essayette(短文) 7)-kin, napkin 8)-ling, duckling, 9)-let, booklet 10)-y, baby, doggy

2.形容词后缀

(1)带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义

1)-able, -ible, movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible 2)-al, natural, additional, educational 3)-an, ane, urban, suburban, republican 4)-ant, -ent, distant, important, excellent 5)-ar, similar, popular, regular 6)-ary, military, voluntary 7)-ice, -atie, ical, politic, systematic, historic, physical, 8)-ine, masculine, feminine, marine 9)-ing, moving, touching, daring 10)-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish 11)-ive, active, impressive, decisive 12)-ory, satisfactory, compulsory 13)-il, -ile, -eel, fragile, genteel(文雅的)

(2)表示“相象，类似”的含义

1)-ish, boyish, childish 2)-esque, picturesque 3)-like, manlike, childlike 4)-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly 5)-some, troublesome, handsome 6)-y, milky, pasty

(3)表示“充分的”含义

1)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful 2)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various 3)-ent, violent,

(4)表示由某种物质形成，制成或生产的含义

1)-en, wooden, golden, woolen 2)-ous, gaseous 3)-fic, scientific

(5)表示方向的含义

1)-ern, eastern, western 2)-ward, downward, forward

(6)表示“倍数”的含义

1)-ble, double, treble 2)ple, triple 3)-fold, twofold, tenfold

(7)表示“数量关系”的含义

1)-teen, thirteen 2)-ty, fifty 3)-th, fourth, fiftieth

(8)表示国籍，语种，宗教的含义

1)-an, Roman, European 2)-ese, Chinese, 3)-ish, English, Spanish

(9)表示“比较程度”的含义

1)-er, greater 2)-ish, reddish, yellowish 3)-est, highest 4)-most, foremost, topmost

(10)其他的含义

-less,表示否定，countless, stainless, wireless

3.动词后缀

1)-ize, ise,表示"做成，变成，……化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize 2)-en,表示"使成为，引起，使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden 3)-fy,表示"使……化,使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify 4)-ish,表示"使，令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish 5)-ate,表示“成为……，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate

4.副词后缀

1)-ly, possibly, swiftly, simply 2)-ward, -wards, downward, inwards, upward 3)-ways, always, sideways 4)-wise, otherwise, clockwise